LibXML-raku

[Raku LibXML Project] / [LibXML Module] / Document

class LibXML::Document

LibXML DOM Document Class

Synopsis

use LibXML::Document;
# Only methods specific to Document nodes are listed here,
# see the LibXML::Node documentation for other methods

my LibXML::Document $doc  .= new: :$version, :$enc;
$doc .= createDocument($version, $enc);
$doc .= parse($string);

my Str $URI = $doc.URI();
$doc.setURI($URI);
my Str $enc = $doc.encoding();
$enc = $doc.actualEncoding();
$doc.encoding = $new-encoding;
my Version $doc-version = $doc.version();
use LibXML::Document :XmlStandalone;
if $doc.standalone == XmlStandaloneYes {...}
$doc.standalone = XmlStandaloneNo;
my Int $zip-level = 5; # zip-level (0..9), or -1 for no compression
$doc.compression = $zip-level;
my Str $html-tidy = $doc.Str: :$format, :$html;
my Str $xml-c14n = $doc.Str: :C14N, :$comments, :$xpath, :$exclusive, :$selector;
my Str $xml-tidy = $doc.serialize: :$format;
my Int $state = $doc.write: :$file, :$format;
$state = $doc.save: :io($fh), :$format;
my Str $html = $doc.Str: :html;
$html = $doc.serialize-html();
try { $doc.validate(); }
if $doc.is-valid() { ... }
if $doc.is-valid($elem) { ... }

my LibXML::Element $root = $doc.documentElement();
$dom.documentElement = $root;
my LibXML::Element $element = $doc.createElement( $nodename );
$element = $doc.createElementNS( $namespaceURI, $nodename );
my LibXML::Text $text = $doc.createTextNode( $content_text );
my LibXML::Comment $comment = $doc.createComment( $comment_text );
my LibXML::Attr $attr = $doc.createAttribute($name [,$value]);
$attr = $doc.createAttributeNS( namespaceURI, $name [,$value] );
my LibXML::DocumentFragment $fragment = $doc.createDocumentFragment();
my LibXML::CDATA $cdata = $doc.createCDATASection( $cdata_content );
my LibXML::PI $pi = $doc.createProcessingInstruction( $target, $data );
my LibXML::EntityRef $entref = $doc.createEntityReference($refname);
my LibXML::Dtd $dtd = $doc.createInternalSubset( $rootnode, $public, $system);
$dtd = $doc.createExternalSubset( $rootnode_name, $publicId, $systemId);
$doc.importNode( $node );
$doc.adoptNode( $node );
$dtd = $doc.externalSubset;
$dtd = $doc.internalSubset;
$doc.externalSubset = $dtd;
$doc.internalSubset = $dtd;
$dtd = $doc.removeExternalSubset();
$dtd = $doc.removeInternalSubset();
my LibXML::Element @found = $doc.getElementsByTagName($tagname);
@found = $doc.getElementsByTagNameNS($nsURI,$tagname);
@found = $doc.getElementsByLocalName($localname);
my LibXML::Element $node = $doc.getElementById($id);
$doc.indexElements();

Description

The Document Class is in most cases the result of a parsing process. But sometimes it is necessary to create a Document from scratch. The DOM Document Class provides functions that conform to the DOM Core naming style.

It inherits all functions from LibXML::Node as specified in the DOM specification. This enables access to the nodes besides the root element on document level - a DTD for example. The support for these nodes is limited at the moment.

Exports

XML

A subset of LibXML::Document that have node-type XML_DOCUMENT_NODE. General characteristics include:

element and attribute names are case sensitive
opening and closing tags must always be paired

HTML

A subset of LibXML::Document that have node-type XML_HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE. General characteristics include:

HTML Parsing converts element and attribute names to lowercase. Closing tags can usually be omitted.

DOCB

A subset of LibXML::Document that have node-type XML_DOCB_DOCUMENT_NODE. XML documents of type DocBook

Methods

Many functions listed here are documented in the DOM Level 3 specification (http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/). Please refer to the specification for extensive documentation.

method new

method new(
  xmlDoc :$native,
  Str :$version,
  xmlEncodingStr :$enc, # e.g. 'utf-8', 'utf-16'
  Str :$URI,
  Bool :$html,
  Int :$compression
) returns LibXML::Document

method createDocument

multi method createDocument(Str() $version, xmlEncodingStr $enc
) returns LibXML::Document
multi method createDocument(
     Str $URI?, QName $name?, Str $doc-type?
)

Raku or DOM-style constructors for the document class. As parameters it takes the version string and (optionally) the encoding string. Simply calling createDocument() will create the document:

<?xml version="your version" encoding="your encoding"?>

Both parameters are optional. The default value for $version is 1.0, of course. If the $encoding parameter is not set, the encoding will be left unset, which means UTF-8 is implied.

The call of createDocument() without any parameter will result the following code:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

method URI

my Str $URI = $doc.URI();
$doc.URI = $URI;

Gets or sets the URI (or filename) of the original document. For documents obtained by parsing a string of a FH without using the URI parsing argument of the corresponding parse_* function, the result is a generated string unknown-XYZ where XYZ is some number; for documents created with the constructor new, the URI is undefined.

method encoding

my Str $enc = $doc.encoding();
$doc.encoding = $new-encoding;

Gets or sets the encoding of the document.

The .Str method treats the encoding as a subset. Any characters that fall outside the encoding set are encoded as entities (e.g.  )
The .Blob method will fully render the XML document in as a Blob with the specified encoding.

my $doc = LibXML.createDocument( “1.0”, “ISO-8859-15” ); print $doc.encoding; # prints ISO-8859-15 my $xml-with-entities = $doc.Str; ‘encoded.xml’.IO.spurt( $doc.Blob, :bin);

method actualEncoding

method actualEncoding() returns LibXML::Raw::xmlEncodingStr

Returns the encoding in which the XML will be output by $doc.Blob() or $doc.write.

This is usually the original encoding of the document as declared in the XML declaration and returned by $doc.encoding. If the original encoding is not known (e.g. if created in memory or parsed from a XML without a declared encoding), ‘UTF-8’ is returned.

my $doc = LibXML.createDocument( "1.0", "ISO-8859-15" );
print $doc.encoding; # prints ISO-8859-15

method version

method version() returns Version

Gets or sets the version of the document

method standalone

use LibXML::Document :XmlStandalone;
if $doc.standalone == XmlStandaloneYes { ... }

Gets or sets the Numerical value of a documents XML declarations standalone attribute.

It returns

1 (XmlStandaloneYes) if standalone=”yes” was found,
0 (XmlStandaloneNo) if standalone=”no” was found and
-1 (XmlStandaloneMu) if standalone was not specified (default on creation).

method setStandalone

method setStandalone(
    Numeric $_
) returns Mu

Alter the value of a documents standalone attribute.

use LibXML::Document :XmlStandalone;
$doc.setStandalone(XmlStandaloneYes);

Set it to

1 (XmlStandaloneYes) to set standalone=”yes”,
to 0 (XmlStandaloneNo) to set standalone=”no” or
to -1 (XmlStandaloneMu) to remove the standalone attribute from the XML declaration.

method compression

method compression() returns Int

Gets or sets output compression

method input-compressed

method input-compressed() returns Bool

Detect whether input was compressed (deprecated)

my LibXML::Document $doc .= parse<mydoc.xml.gz>;
if $doc.input-compressed {
    my $zip-level = 5;
    $doc.compression = $zip-level;
    $doc.write: :file<test.xml.gz>;
}
else {
    $doc.write: :file<test.xml>;
}

libxml2 allows reading of documents directly from gzipped files. The input-compressed method returns True if the input file was compressed.

If one intends to write the document directly to a file, it is possible to set the compression level for a given document. This level can be in the range from 0 to 8. If LibXML should not try to compress use -1 (default).

Note that this feature will only work if libxml2 is compiled with zlib support (LibXML.have-compression is True) ``and .parse: :file(...) is used for input and .write is used for output.

method Str

multi method Str(
        Bool :$skip-dtd,
        Bool :$format, Bool :$tag-expansion,
        Bool :$skip-xml-declaration,
        LibXML::Config :$config, # defaults for :$skip-dtd, :skip-xml-declaration and :tag-expansion
    ) returns Str;

Str is a serializing function, so the DOM Tree is serialized into an XML string, ready for output.

$file.IO.spurt: $doc.Str;

regardless of the actual encoding of the document.

The optional $format flag sets the indenting of the output.

If $format is False, or omitted, the document is dumped as it was originally parsed

If $format is True, libxml2 will add ignorable white spaces, so the nodes content is easier to read. Existing text nodes will not be altered

libxml2 uses a hard-coded indentation of 2 space characters per indentation level. This value can not be altered at run-time.

Note that the :C14N and :html options match different multi-methods, with diffrent options, as below:

`multi method Str: :C14N($!)!, Bool :$comments, Bool :$exclusive, :$xpath`

my Str $xml-c14   = $doc.Str: :C14N, :$comment, :$xpath;
my Str $xml-ec14n = $doc.Str: :C14N, :exclusive, :$xpath, :@prefix;

C14N normalisation mode. See the documentation in LibXML::Node.

`multi method Str: :$html!, Bool :$format`

my Str $html = $document.Str: :html;

.Str: :html serializes the tree to a string as HTML. With this method indenting is automatic and managed by libxml2 internally.

method serialize

my Str $xml-formatted = $doc.serialize(:$format);

Similar to Str(), but doesn’t interpret :skip-dtd, :html or :C14N options. This function was name added to be more consistent with libxml2.

method serialize-html

method serialize-html(
    |c
) returns Str

Serialize to HTML.

Equivalent to: .Str: :html, but doesn’t allow :skip-dtd option.

method Blob() returns Blob

method Blob(
    xmlEncodingStr :$enc = self.encoding // 'UTF-8',
    Bool :$format,
    Bool :$tag-expansion
    Bool :$skip-dtd,
    Bool :$skip-xml-declaration,
    Bool :$force,
) returns Blob;

Returns a binary representation of the XML document and it decendants encoded as :$enc.

The option :force is needed to really allow the combination of a non-UTF8 encoding and :skip-xml-declaration.

method write

method write(
    Str(Any) :$file!,
    Bool :$format = Bool::False
) returns UInt

Write to a name file

method save-as

method save-as(
    Str(Any) $file
) returns UInt

Write to a name file (equivalent to $.write: :$file)

is-valid

multi method is-valid(LibXML::Dtd $dtd? --> Bool)
multi method is-valid(LibXML::Schema $schema? --> Bool)
multi method is-valid(LibXML::RelaxNG $rng? --> Bool)
multi method is-valid(LibXML::Element $elem --> Bool)
multi method is-valid(LibXML::Element $elem, LibXML::Attr $attr)

Checks that the document, or a an element in the document, is valid. Returns either True or False.

Optionally accepts an element to check. The element may be at any level in the document, and is checked as a sub-tree in isolation.

You may also pass in a LibXML::Dtd object, to validate the document against an external DTD:

unless $doc.is-valid($dtd) {
    warn("document is not valid!");
}

method was-valid

method was-valid() returns Bool

Whether the document was valid when it was parsed

method validate

multi method validate(LibXML::Dtd $dtd?)
multi method validate(LibXML::Schema $schema)
multi method validate(LibXML::RexlaxNG $rng)
multi method validate(LibXML::Element $elem)
multi method validate(LibXML::Element $elem, LibXML::Attr $attr)

Validates, either the entire document, or an individual element.

This is an exception throwing equivalent of is-valid. If the document is not valid it will throw an exception containing the error.

It is also possible to write: $elem.validate as a shortcut for $elem.ownerDocument.validate($elem) and $elem.is-valid as a shortcut for $elem.ownerDocument.is-valid($elem)

method documentElement

method documentElement() returns LibXML::Element

Gets or sets the root element of the Document.

A document can have just one root element to contain the documents data. If the document resides in a different document tree, it is automatically imported.

method createElement

method createElement(
    Str $name where { ... },
    Str :$href
) returns LibXML::Element

Creates a new Element Node bound to the DOM with the given tag (name), Optionally bound to a given name-space;

method createElementNS

method createElementNS(
    Str $href,
    Str:D $name where { ... }
) returns LibXML::Element

equivalent to .createElement($name, :$href)

multi method createAttribute

multi method createAttribute(
    Str:D $qname where { ... },
    Str $value = "",
    Str:D :$href!
) returns LibXML::Attr

Creates a new Attribute node

multi method createAttributeNS

multi method createAttributeNS(
    Str $href,
    Str:D $qname where { ... },
    Str $value = ""
) returns LibXML::Attr

Creates an Attribute bound to a name-space.

method createDocumentFragment

method createDocumentFragment() returns LibXML::DocumentFragment

Creates a Document Fragment

method createTextNode

method createTextNode(
    Str $content
) returns LibXML::Text

Creates a Text Node bound to the DOM.

method createComment

method createComment(
    Str $content
) returns LibXML::Comment

Create a Comment Node bound to the DOM

method createCDATASection

method createCDATASection(
    Str $content
) returns LibXML::CDATA

Create a CData Section bound to the DOM

method createEntityReference

method createEntityReference(
    Str $name
) returns LibXML::EntityRef

Creates an Entity Reference

If a document has a DTD specified, one can create entity references by using this function. If one wants to add a entity reference to the document, this reference has to be created by this function.

An entity reference is unique to a document and cannot be passed to other documents as other nodes can be passed.

NOTE: A text content containing something that looks like an entity reference, will not be expanded to a real entity reference unless it is a predefined entity

my Str $text = '&foo;';
$some_element.appendText( $text );
print $some_element.textContent; # prints "&amp;foo;"

method createExternalSubset

method createExternalSubset(
    Str $name,
    Str $external-id,
    Str $system-id
) returns LibXML::Dtd

Creates a new external subset

This function is similar to createInternalSubset() but this DTD is considered to be external and is therefore not added to the document itself. Nevertheless it can be used for validation purposes.

method createInternalSubset

method createInternalSubset(
    Str $name,
    Str $external-id,
    Str $system-id
) returns LibXML::Dtd

Creates a new Internal Subset

method createInternalSubset

my LibXML::Dtd
$dtd = $doc.createInternalSubset( $rootnode, $public, $system);

This function creates and adds an internal subset to the given document. Because the function automatically adds the DTD to the document there is no need to add the created node explicitly to the document.

my LibXML::Document $doc = LibXML::Document.new();
my LibXML::Dtd $dtd = $doc.createInternalSubset( "foo", undef, "foo.dtd" );

will result in the following XML document:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo SYSTEM "foo.dtd">

By setting the public parameter it is possible to set PUBLIC DTDs to a given document. So

my LibXML::Document $doc = LibXML::Document.new();
my LibXML::Dtd $dtd = $doc.createInternalSubset( "foo", "-//FOO//DTD FOO 0.1//EN", undef );

will cause the following declaration to be created on the document:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo PUBLIC "-//FOO//DTD FOO 0.1//EN">

method createDTD

method createDTD(
    Str $name,
    Str $external-id,
    Str $system-id
) returns LibXML::Dtd

Create a new external DTD

method getEntity

method getEntity(
    Str $name
) returns LibXML::Dtd::Entity

Lookup an entity in the document

Searches any internal subset, external subset, and predefined entities

method importNode

method importNode(
    LibXML::Node:D $node
) returns LibXML::Node

Imports a node from another DOM

If a node is not part of a document, it can be imported to another document. As specified in DOM Level 2 Specification the Node will not be altered or removed from its original document ($node.cloneNode(:deep) will get called implicitly).

method adoptNode

method adoptNode(
    LibXML::Node:D $node
) returns LibXML::Node

Adopts a node from another DOM

If a node is not part of a document, it can be adopted by another document. As specified in DOM Level 3 Specification the Node will not be altered but it will removed from its original document.

After a document adopted a node, the node, its attributes and all its descendants belong to the new document. Because the node does not belong to the old document, it will be unlinked from its old location first.

NOTE: Don’t try to use importNode() or adoptNode() to import sub-trees that contain entity references - even if the entity reference is the root node of the sub-tree. This will cause serious problems to your program. This is a limitation of libxml2 and not of LibXML itself.

method getDocumentElement

method getDocumentElement() returns LibXML::Element

DOM compatible method to get the document element

method setDocumentElement

method setDocumentElement(
    LibXML::Element:D $elem
) returns LibXML::Element

DOM compatible method to set the document element

Inserts a copy of the Dtd node into the document as its internal subset

my $new-dtd = $doc.setInternalSubset: $other-doc.getInternalSubset;

Note: At this stage, only the name, publicId and systemId are copied.

This method is currently most useful for setting the document-type of an XML or HTML document:

use LibXML;
use LibXML::Dtd;
use LibXML::Document;
my $htmlPublic = "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN";
my $htmlSystem = "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd";

my LibXML::Dtd:D $dtd = LibXML.createDocumentType('xhtml', $htmlPublic, $htmlSystem);
my Bool $html = $dtd.is-XHTML;
my LibXML::Document $doc .= new: :$html;
$doc.setInternalSubset: $dtd;
$doc.setDocumentElement: $doc.createElement('xhtml');
say $doc.Str;
# <!DOCTYPE xhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
# <xhtml></xhtml>

method removeInternalSubset

method removeInternalSubset() returns LibXML::Dtd

This method removes an external, if defined, from the document

If a document has an internal subset defined it can be removed from the document by using this function. The removed dtd node will be returned.

method internalSubset

method internalSubset() returns LibXML::Dtd

Gets or sets the internal DTD for the document.

method setExternalSubset

method setExternalSubset(
    LibXML::Dtd $dtd is copy,
    Bool :$validate
) returns LibXML::Dtd

This method sets a DTD node as an external subset of the given document.

If the :validate option is passed, the document is first validated against the DTD.

method removeExternalSubset

method removeExternalSubset() returns LibXML::Dtd

This method removes any external subset from the document

If a document has an external subset defined it can be removed from the document by using this function. The removed dtd node will be returned.

method externalSubset

method externalSubset() returns LibXML::Dtd

Gets or sets the external DTD for a document.

method parse

my LibXML::Document $doc .= parse($string, |%opts);

Calling LibXML::Document.parse(|c) is equivalent to calling LibXML.parse(|c); See the parse method in LibXML.

method processXIncludes

method processXIncludes(
    LibXML::Config :$config = Code.new,
    |c
) returns Mu

Expand XInclude flags

method getElementsByTagName

my LibXML::Element @nodes = $doc.getElementsByTagName($tagname);
my LibXML::Node::Set $nodes = $doc.getElementsByTagName($tagname);

Implements the DOM Level 2 function

method getElementsByTagNameNS

my LibXML::Element @nodes = $doc.getElementsByTagNameNS($nsURI,$tagname);
my LibXML::Node::Set $nodes = $doc.getElementsByTagNameNS($nsURI,$tagname);

Implements the DOM Level 2 function

method getElementsByLocalName

my LibXML::Element @nodes = $doc.getElementsByLocalName($localname);
my LibXML::Node::Set $nodes = $doc.getElementsByLocalName($localname);

This allows the fetching of all nodes from a given document with the given Localname.

method getElementById

method getElementById(
    Str:D $id
) returns LibXML::Element

Returns the element that has an ID attribute with the given value. If no such element exists, this returns LibXML::Element:U.

Note: the ID of an element may change while manipulating the document. For documents with a DTD, the information about ID attributes is only available if DTD loading/validation has been requested. For HTML documents parsed with the HTML parser ID detection is done automatically. In XML documents, all “xml:id” attributes are considered to be of type ID. You can test ID-ness of an attribute node with $attr.isId().

method indexElements

method indexElements() returns Int

Index elements for faster XPath searching

This function causes libxml2 to stamp all elements in a document with their document position index which considerably speeds up XPath queries for large documents. It should only be used with static documents that won’t be further changed by any DOM methods, because once a document is indexed, XPath will always prefer the index to other methods of determining the document order of nodes. XPath could therefore return improperly ordered node-lists when applied on a document that has been changed after being indexed. It is of course possible to use this method to re-index a modified document before using it with XPath again. This function is not a part of the DOM specification.

This function returns the number of elements indexed, -1 if error occurred, or -2 if this feature is not available in the running libxml2.

After running this function, the LibXML::Element elementIndex() method returns the index of the element, with the root element having an index of 1.

If this function has not been run, elementIndex() returns 0 for all elements.

Copyright

2001-2007, AxKit.com Ltd.

2002-2006, Christian Glahn.

2006-2009, Petr Pajas.

License

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Artistic License 2.0 http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0.